Chloride channel and cystic fibrosis paper

Cystic fibrosis affects the most crucial organs of the body, such as the digestive system and the respiratory system. The abnormal mucus may clog the respiratory system and can lead to various respiratory problems. Most of the people with the cystic fibrosis disease have been observed suffering from digestive problems. Infants and babies may suffer from a blockage in the intestine. The pancreas may be affected due to the production of the thick mucus. The pancreas is a vital organ of the body as it helps in the production of enzymes and the hormones. When the pancreas is affected by thick mucus which may also lead to decreased secretion of insulin production. The digestive problem results in the malnutrition, poor growth and weight loss of the body. This cystic fibrosis is considered as the fatal disease in case of males results in congenital bilateral absence of vas deferens. So, in this case, males can become infertile because the vas deference tube is blocked by the mucus, and the sperms cannot travel.

Causes of cystic fibrosis:
The cystic fibrosis is caused by the CFTR gene. This gene provides the instructions to the channels that transport the negatively charged particles known as the chloride ions into and out the cells. Chlorides are the important ions found in the common salt, and they are also released in the sweat. The flow of the chloride ions helps in the control of the movement of water in the tissues that is vital for the synthesis of thin and the freely flowing mucus. Mutations in the CFTR genes may disrupt the working of the chloride ions and water across cell membranes. This is caused due to flow of the chloride ions and the water across the cell membranes. The cells that line the respiratory tract and the digestive tract produce a huge amount of mucus which is unusually thick and sticky. This mucus blocks the airways and several ducts of the body that cause the characteristic symptoms and signs of cystic fibrosis. Some of the genetic and environmental factors may also affect the severity of this condition.

Symptoms of cystic fibrosis:
The main symptoms of the cystic fibrosis include a persistent cough that produces mucus; the person may suffer from repeated lung infections and recurrent sinusitis. The digestive part get affected out of this disease is pancreas. Without the digestive juices, the intestine will not be able to work properly and completely to absorb nutrients. The individual may have symptoms such as foul-smelling and greasy stool. Chronic constipation and intestinal blockage are significant symptoms.

Chloride channel:
The DNA present in the cell gives instructions to make proteins. The CFTR gene contains the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. Ribonucleic acid act as a template to make the proteins, and it starts the process of transcription. Ribosomes read the instructions in RNA, and these are used to make the CFTR proteins. This is called translation. The trafficking is the next step in which the CFTR protein moves from cell to cell surface. At the cell surface, CFTR protein works as chloride channel that maintains the fluid in the airways. The chloride ions are present outside the cell, and this helps in sweeping off the mucus.


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