The primary goal of this literature review is to integrate concepts from four different content domains within the larger field of psychology. The four content domains should be chosen from previous coursework in this program. In this paper, students will review the findings in the individual empirical articles, organize the research in a meaningful way, evaluate the reliability, validity, and generalizability of the research findings, and present an integrated synthesis of the research that sheds new light on the topics within and across the four domains.
The result of a successful integrative literature review may be a significant contribution to a particular body of knowledge and, consequently, to research and practice. Therefore, before writing this literature review, substantive new research must be conducted via the Internet and within the Ashford University Library for each of the four chosen domains. A minimum of six sources must be included for each of the four domains. Although content from literature reviews completed in prior courses within this program may be included, it may not constitute the total research for the individual domains addressed within this assignment. No more than four sources from previous literature reviews completed in this program may be utilized for this integrative review.
The headings listed below must be used within the paper to delineate the sections of content. These sections include the following: a clear introduction that provides a general review and organizes the research in a meaningful way; a discussion in which the evidence is presented through analysis, critique, and synthesis; and a conclusion in which the discussion is drawn together in a meaningful way, the claims of the introduction are brought to a logical closure, and new research is proposed.
Introduction
Provide a conceptual framework for the review.
Describe how the review will be organized. The questions below may be used to guide this section.
What are the guiding theories within the domains?
How are the domains connected?
Are there competing points of view across the domains?
Why is the integration of these domains important?
What is the history of these domains?
What are the related theories or findings?
Describe how the literature was identified, analyzed, and synthesized.
How and why was the literature chosen?
What is your claim or thesis statement?
Discussion
Provide the analysis, critique, and synthesis for the review.
Analysis
Examine the main ideas and relationships presented in the literature across the four domains.
Integrate concepts from the four different content domains within the larger field of psychology.
What claim(s) can be made in the introduction?
What evidence supports the claim(s) made in the introduction?
Critique
Evaluate the reliability, validity, and generalizability of the chosen research findings.
How well does the literature represent the issues across the four domains?
Identify the strengths and the key contributions of the literature.
What, if any, deficiencies exist within the literature?
Have the authors omitted any key points and/or arguments?
What, if any, inaccuracies have been identified in the literature?
What evidence runs contrary to the claims proposed in the introduction, and how might these be reconciled with the claims presented?
Explain how the APA’s Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct might influence the reliability and/or generalizability of the chosen findings.
Did the ethical issues influence the outcomes of the research?
Were ethical considerations different across the domains?
Synthesis
Integrate existing ideas with new ideas to create new knowledge and new perspectives.
Describe the research that has previously been done across these domains, as well as any controversies or alternate opinions that currently exist.
Relate the evidence presented to the major conclusions being made.
Construct clear and concise arguments using evidence-based psychological concepts and theories to posit new relationships and perspectives on the topics within the domains.
Conclusion
Provide a conclusion and present potential future considerations.
State your final conclusion(s).
Synthesize the findings described in the discussion into a succinct summary.
What questions remain?
What are the possible implications of your argument for existing theories and for everyday life?
Are there novel theories and/or testable hypothesizes for future research?
What do the overarching implications of the studies show?
Where should the research go from this point to further the understanding of these domains and the greater study of psychology?
The Integrative Literature Review
The provided resources/references must be utilized
Must be 20 to 30 double-spaced pages in length (not including title and references pages) and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
Must include a separate title page with the following:
Title of paper
Student’s name
Course name and number
Instructor’s name
Date submitted
Must begin with an introductory paragraph that has a succinct thesis statement.
Must address the topic of the paper with critical thought.
Must end with a conclusion that reaffirms your thesis.
Must use at least 24 peer-reviewed sources, including a minimum of 20 from the Ashford University Library. The provided resources/references must be utilized
Must document all sources in APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
Must include a separate reference list that is formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
Review the Research Paper instructions found within the Research Paper link. The Research Paper is due in Week Five. To help with preparation, complete the following and submit to your instructor for feedback.
Topics: Select five topics that interest you, as provided in the Research Paper guidelines.
Thesis: Develop your thesis statement—the point or perspective you will argue for, prove, and defend throughout the paper. Please see the Ashford-approved grammar handbook for information on how to develop a solid thesis.
APA Reference Page: For this paper you must conduct research in peer-reviewed journals or other sources that are considered reliable and academic. In addition to the textbook, you need to incorporate at least five professional scholarly sources for support.
Academic Research
Academic research and papers must meet certain standards of quality recognized by the academic community. What constitutes quality, academic research?
Primary sources written by experts in the field of study
Secondary sources supported by research in primary sources
Credible sources (experts in the area of study)
Relevant research (materials are pertinent to the area of study)
In graduate work, the use of peer-reviewed journal articles (journal articles reviewed by recognized experts in the relevant field of study) is required.
Educational and Government websites may be appropriate in some cases but should be evaluated carefully.
What sources are not acceptable for academic research and referencing?
Encyclopedias
Wikipedia, other wikis, or blogs
Websites and other sources that do not provide quality researched materials—that is, the site does not employ credible sources to support the information in the document)
All research must be documented according to APA standards (see guidelines for avoiding plagiarism) and reflect professional, academic protocol.
The purpose of the APA Reference Page is to assist you in developing research analysis skills including: critical thinking, writing, and literature research skills. The reference page should include the following information for each source:
Name of the article, including the complete citation
Summary/abstract of the article – annotation. Sometimes, it is helpful to ask yourself the following questions in synthesizing the information:
Who is the author?
What was done? For example, was it an experimental study investigating the interaction of short term memory and attention?
How was it done?
What were the major findings?
What were the contributions (new findings, applications, etc.)?
The paper must be two-to-three pages in length (excluding the title and reference page), and formatted according to APA style. You must use at least five scholarly sources (at least two of which can be found in the Ashford Online Library) other than the textbook to support your claims and subclaims. Cite your sources in text and on the reference page. For information regarding APA samples and tutorials, visit the Ashford Writing Center, within the Learning Resources tab on the left navigation toolbar.
Research Paper
Each student will submit an eight-to-ten page paper (excluding the title and reference page) that is sufficiently supported by research, data, and substantiated theory or application. In addition, and most importantly, the student’s paper must incorporate five of the topics from the list below:
The relationship between a strategic plan and the budgeting process.
The impact of a recession on a law enforcement agency’s ability to plan a budget.
Apply a specific budgeting process: line item or zero based budget.
Who is involved in the budgeting process?
Impact of budget decisions in maximizing operational effectiveness and community trust.
Priorities in the budget cycle.
Types of alternative funding.
Significance of a cost benefit analysis in program evaluation.
Resource prioritization.
Using the topics above as a guide, address the following within the Research Paper:
Examine current problems, issues, and factors that influence present and future budgetary decisions.
Evaluate each selected topic with regard to law enforcement administration, leadership, and management.
Apply budgetary theory to a realistic budgeting process and describe the relationship between the two.
Analyze the budgeting process and reference research and data as support.
Writing the Research Paper
The Research Paper:
Must be eight to ten double-spaced pages in length (excluding the title and reference page), and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
Must include a title page with the following:
Title of paper
Student’s name
Course name and number
Instructor’s name
Date submitted
Must begin with an introductory paragraph that has a succinct thesis statement.
Must address the topic of the paper with critical thought.
Must end with a conclusion that reaffirms your thesis.
Must use at least five scholarly resources, including a minimum of two from the Ashford University Library.
Must document all sources in APA style, as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
Must include a separate reference page, formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
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