The Gulf Wars and the New World Order

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The Gulf Wars and the New World Order: An Agenda for the US
and Her Allies
Author: Muhammad Sarwar
Mphil Scholar at “Shaikh Zayed Islamic Centre,
University of the Punjab, Lahore.
[email protected]
ABSTRACT
The Gulf Wars, fought in 1991 and 2003 respectively, are inter-related with each
other. These wars reshaped and totally changed the Geo-Political structure of the
Middle East. Apparently, the Geo-Political importance of the Middle East has
remained universal truth from the very first day of human being. In that regard, it
has always remained like it in the eyes of world powers such as Romans, Greeks,
Sassanid, Ottomans, UK, Russia and America. Chronically, US increased
interference in the Middle East soon after the World War II (1945). Eventually,
Saddam Hussain was Pro-Socialist and disliked American interference in the
Middle East; that was why, US started to overthrow Saddam Hussain’s regime and
control the Middle East oil resources. Due to that, the United States trapped
Saddam Hussain into Iran-Iraq War for more than eight years, which became
futile and fatal for both countries. Mercilessly, the United States trapped Saddam
Hussain once again into devastative War between Iraq and Kuwait in 1990. After
that, accusing Saddam of violating International Law, the US found reason to
invade Iraq directly, which is known as the Gulf War I (1991). Awfully, Iraq was
kept in war for than a decade. When the US failed to overthrow Saddam regime
after devastative and savage attacks, she got passed resolutions from the United
Nations to impose economic sanctions on Iraq due to allegation of Weapons of
Mass Destruction (WMDs). Valiantly, innocent Iraqis endeavored economic
sanctions for more than a decade. After the inspection of world experts’ teams,
they could find neither any sign of WMDs nor any stockpile of WMDs. Apart from
that, the US led Coalition invaded Iraq in March 2003, massacre millions of
people, collapsed its economy and ruined its infrastructure.
Key Words: Gulf War, New World Order, Saddam, Middle East, Iraq, United
States, Sanctions, Cold War, George H. W. Bush, WMDs.
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Introduction
The Gulf Wars refer to the historical wars fought between Iraq and the U.S. led
coalition. It seems necessary to highlight the background of Gulf Wars to present a
macro picture of these combats. For readers, convenience, Middle East is nearly at
the center of the world” and has great geo-economic importance in the world.
Moreover, Iraq was a key state in the Middle East due to its geo-political status. In
this regard, Middle East, especially Iraq has always remained in the eyes of U.S.A
as well as the Soviet Union.
In this regard, when the world became bi-polar soon after the World War II (1945),
an endless Cold War began between Capitalism and Socialism which were
supported by U.S.A and Soviet Union. Awfully, they selected Middle East
particularly the territory of Iraq for this devastative war. Consequently, this war,
Cold War, resulted in Iraq-Iran War, two Gulf Wars and a heartrending decade of
economic sanctions. Alas! All these wars and the abolishment of the Middle East,
in particular that of Iraq, were pre-planned as a major part of the New World
Order.
The New World Order
Moreover, before describing the details of the wars, it seems necessary to explain
“The New World Order” so that a macro image of these wars could be highlighted.
When the World War II (1945) ended, the United States and capitalist Allies
established the United Nations (UN) to fulfill its dream of the world hegemony. In
contrast to that, the “United Socialist Soviet Union (U.S.S.R) opposed the world
hegemony of the capitalist block. It was a starting point of the Cold War, which
lasted for more than four decades. Briefly, The Wall of Berlin has a great history
which canbe described that Germany was divided into four parts after WWII. The
Eastern part went to Soviet Union and other parts went to the US, the Great Britain
and France. In1948, the Soviet Union blocked the food supply of the West Berlin
to get control over all Berlin. Later, anumberofthe East Berlin migrated to the West
Berlin; that‟s why, the Soviet Union ordered to build the Wall between East and
West Berlin. In1961, after that, thousands of people died while jumping over the
Wall. At last, the representative for the East Berlin Communist Party announced
that the East Berlin citizens were free to cross the Wall; that was why, a number of
people immigrated to the West Berlin. Later, in 1991, the Wall of Berlin was fully
demolished, both Berlin got together, and it became only one Germany.1
It was not
only the fall of East Germany but the ultimate fall of U.S.S.R. as well.
The United States and its capitalist Allies were waiting for the fall of the U.S.S.R
to make their world hegemony. In that regard, the ex-president of the United
States, George H. W. Bush, announced the policy of the New World Order in 1991
soon after the fall of the wall of Berlin which would be discussed later. Moreover,
the geo-economic importance of the Middle East has remained proved since the
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human history. Particularly, Iraq and Iran have remained key states in the Middle
East; due to that, the US and Russia selected Middle East as battlefield for Cold
War. The Iraq-Iran War was the first experiment of the US world hegemony.
The New World Order policy changed into the street map of the USA world
hegemony. However, the United States had deliberate the New World Order policy
much earlier than the downfall of United Socialist Soviet Union (U.S.S.R) but
announced it after the autumn of the Wall of Berlin. The U.S ex-president, George
H.W. Bush, has introduced the New World Order in unique systems in distinctive
ways. According to the G.R. Wilson2
, the New World Order was the collection of
three speeches of George H.W. Bush who he had delivered in the following dates:
“An address before a joint session of Congress on 11 September1990.3
“An address before a joint session of Congress on 29 January1991.4
“A speech to Congress on March 6, 1991.
5
The U.S president George H. W. Bush delivered speeches on the New World
Order on the above-mentioned dates respectively. The above-mentioned speeches
were delivered in the context of the Gulf War I (1991) in which Mr. Bush
announced the New World Order. He defined the New World Order in these
words.
“it is a big idea; a new world order, “with new ways of working with other nations
. . . peaceful settlement of disputes, solidarity against aggression, reduced and
controlled arsenals and just treatment of all peoples.” Not long after the war,
however, the flow of White House words about a new world order.”6
“What is at stake is more than one smaller country; it is a big idea: a new world
order, where diverse nations are drawn together in common cause to achieve the
universal aspiration of mankind. Peace and security, freedom and the rule of law.”7
Further, he stated that:
“We have before us the opportunity to forge, for ourselves and for the future
generations, a new world order; a world where the rule of law, not the law of
jungle, governs the conduct of the nations.”
8
Iraq and Iran War
It was a brief introduction to the New World Order and the U.S world hegemony.
The Gulf Wars fought respectively in 1991 and 2003 but before describing them, it
seems necessary to mention the Iraq-Iran war and the invasion of Kuwait, so that a
whole picture of the New World Order can be highlighted. In 1979, when Saddam
Hussain acquired power, he announced many reforms and ousted Ayat Ullah
Khomeini from Iraq on the request of Shah of Iran. Interestingly, Ayat Ullah
Khomeini overthrew the government of “Shah of Iran and brought an Islamic
Revolution which is known as “The Revolution of Iran”. Ayat Ullah Khomeini
become a Shiite Muslim religious leader who declared Iran as “the Islamic
Republic of Iran”. He additionally provoked the general public of Shiites in Iraq to
overthrow the Saddam regime. On 22 September 1980, after looking at a majority
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of these demanding situations, Saddam ordered his Army to invade Khuzestan, the
oil rich vicinity of Iran, which lasted until 1988. In this War, Iraq become in
offensive position until 1982 however later on it became in defensive position until
the stop of the war. After defensive position, Saddam Hussain tried to barter with
Iran but Ayat Ullah Khomeini refused his request and persisted the warfare till
1988.
The U.S disliked both Saddam and Khomeini and wanted to weaken them, so that
they could not stand against the U.S world‟s hegemonic power in the Middle East.
In that regard, the U.S supported Saddam first, when Saddam took offensive
position then the U.S started supporting Khomeini by providing him weapons as
well as military training. Interestingly, when Khomeini took offensive position
then the U.S once again started supporting Saddam. When both countries became
tired by losing their men power as well as economy, then the United States asked
the United Nations to pass a peace resolution and made a ceasefire settlement
between Iraq and Iran. Consequently, on August 20, 1988, a cease-fire agreement
was signed and both countries agreed on the pre-war boundaries (1979).9
It was the most brutal decade in the history of Iraq and Iran. Both the countries
destroyed their economy, infrastructure, health and education. There were
estimated hundreds of thousands of casualties with one million death casualties
from both sides in this harsh war. Apart from that, Basra (oil rich province of Iraq)
and Khuzestan (oil rich Province of Iran) were ruined in the war. Muslims beware
of the hypocrisy of the infidels and become united.
The U.S dashed Iran to tray by propagating Sunni and Shiites sectarianism. After
that, it focused fully on the removal of Saddam regime from Iraq. Occasionally at
that time, Saddam was looking for the compensation of his economic loss and $30
billion debts accumulated in the Iraq-Iran war.
10At last, he thought to invade and
incorporate Kuwait with Iraq; so that, he could not only recover his debts but also
expand Iraq‟s boundaries to Persian Gulf as well. Finally, he scheduled the
invasion of Kuwait and contacted the U.S ambassador to know the viewpoint of
Mr. Bush about it. In this regard, Saddam Hussain held a meeting with the US
ambassador to Iraq, April Glaspie, in July 1990, who assured him the favor and
friendship of George H.W. Bush with Iraq by assuring him that:
“The United States had no opinion concerning the Inter-Arab issues. America had
sided with him against Iran and professed a desire for closer relations with Iraq.”11
It was a trick of Mr. Bush and falsehood of Saddam Hussain who could not
understand the duplicity and hypocrisy of the United States after a long lasting war
between Iraq and Iran which was fought two year before. Incorrectly, Saddam
could not identify the furious and preplanned silence of the West and the United
States that was why he prepared himself for the invasion. When Saddam believed
that there would be no obstacle to fulfill his mission, then he invaded Kuwait on 2
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August 1990. Remarkably, he captured Kuwait within 24 hours and incorporated it
with Iraq declaring it the 19th province of Iraq.12
The Invasion of Iraq by the US and Her Allies: An Agenda
The United States was just waiting for that time and searching for a point to invade
Iraq and get control over the oil reserves of the Middle East. In that regard, the U.S
formulated the coalition of 38 countries. Awfully, the U.S led coalition warned
Saddam to withdraw from Kuwait till 15 January 1991; otherwise, he would be
responsible of the consequences of surgical strikes and heavy bombardments over
Iraq. Helplessly, Saddam Hussain tried his best to oust conditionally from Kuwait
but all his efforts had dashed to tray.
When Saddam Hussain incorporated Kuwait with Iraq, the European Community
imposed sanctions on imports and exports of Iraq and Kuwait on 4 August 1990.13
Besides, the U.S president, George H. W. Bush, announced that the aggression of
Saddam would not stand in an address before a joint session of Congress on 11
September1990.14 Moreover, George H. W. Bush issued a decree by blocking all
property and interests in property of the government of Iraq, its agencies,
instrumentalities and entities and Central Bank of Iraq in United States including
their overseas branches.15 However, after framing a strong coalition against Iraq,
on 29 November 1990, the United States passed the resolution 678 from the United
Nations to legitimize their action against Iraq which demanded the unconditional
and immediate withdrawal of Saddam from Kuwait. It was also made clear that all
member States would have to provide appropriate support to government of
Kuwait, unless Saddam fully complied with the UNSC Resolutions (Resolutions
660-678, which had been passed in that regard) till 15 January 1991.16
Saddam Hussain first tried to negotiate with the U.S to withdraw conditionally
from Kuwait, but failed to do so. At last, when Saddam did not comply with the
UN Resolutions (according to the US spokesperson), the U.S led coalition
announced aggression against Iraq. On 17 January 1991, the U.S led Coalition
invaded Kuwait, in addition to Baghdad with the use of heavy and detrimental
missiles and poisonous bombs and mounted air supremacy in advance. On 24
February 1991, the ground conflict started and lasted for three days. Consequently,
on 27 February 1991, Saddam Hussain turned into driven out of Kuwait and
President Bush introduced the ceasefire which is known as “Operation Desert
Storm” in the world history.
17
In the result, the coalition partners achieved their goal except United States”
because its target was the removal of Saddam from Iraq. Here, a question arises
why the US did not overthrow Saddam‟s regime. Courtney Hunt answers this key
question in her famous book “The History of Iraq”. She describes that:
“On February 27, President Bush declared a cease-fire. Saddam Hussein was
driven from Kuwait. In light of recent events that are discussed more fully in the
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next chapter, why didn’t Bush and his allies remove Saddam from power? The UN
resolutions were intended only to remove Saddam from Kuwait and were silent on
removing him from power. In addition, the Western-Arab coalition was fragile.
While the Arab nations participating in the coalition did indeed want Saddam
removed from Kuwait, they would not have supported an attempt to remove him
from Iraq. Bush did not want to take the risk of the coalition fracturing and instead
settled on an isolationist policy to try to drive Saddam out of power.”18
However, the Gulf War I ended and Saddam Hussain pushed out unconditionally
of Kuwait. Regrettably, almost 50,000 Iraqis killed and more than 75,000 had
wounded during the Gulf War I (1990). Contrastingly, about four thousands
Kuwaiti and three hundred Coalition infantrymen had also been killed in the Desert
Storm Operation. The UNSC had passed11 Resolutions against Iraq before the
Operation Desert Storm, demanding unconditional withdrawal and enforcing
monetary sanctions on Iraq. According to the Resolutions 660, which exceeded on
2 August 1990, a right away and unconditional withdrawal of Iraq changed into
demanded. In addition, on 6 August 1990, the U.S.A passed the Resolution 661,
implementing economic sanctions on Iraq and Kuwait. The Resolution 66119

determined that:
“All States shall prevent the import into their territories of all commodities and
products originating in Iraq or Kuwait exported there from after the date of the
present resolution.”20
Likewise, the Resolution 661 further decided that:
“All States shall not make available to the government of Iraq or to any
commercial, industrial or public utility undertaking in Iraq or Kuwait any funds or
any financial or economic resources and shall prevent their nationals and any
persons within their territories from removing from their territories or otherwise
making available to the government or to any such undertaking any such funds or
resources and from remitting any other funds to persons or bodies within Iraq or
Kuwait except payments exclusively for strictly medical or humanitarian purposes,
in humanitarian circumstances and foodstuffs.”21
On 27 February 1991, after unconditional withdrawal of Saddam Hussain, the
UNSC did not remove economic sanctions from Iraq until 2003. These Resolutions
passed equally against Iraq and Kuwait, but inversely sanctions remained imposed
on Iraq rather than Kuwait in the next decade. They could not present any logic
behind these sanctions except the US order. Bravely, Iraq did face dangerous
starvation and poor health for more than a decade which lasted after Gulf War II
2003.”
Briefly, when the US botched to oust Saddam from Iraq, then Bush adopted plan
“C” that was to continue the economic sanctions on Iraq. In this period, Iraq was
unable to export its oil and other products.22 It was more horrible period for Iraqis
than of last two wars but it was Saddam Hussain who countered economic
sanctions and other atrocities of the United States. Besides, the US and its coalition
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partners were violating the UN charter and international Laws every so often by
attacking and destabilizing Iraq. On 26 June, 1993, the United States launched a
missile attack on Iraq‟s Intelligence Headquarter in Baghdad, claiming that Iraqi
was breaching the rules of “NO Fly Zones” imposed by the UN after Gulf War I.23
There, millions of Iraqis died due to lack of food and health facilities during
sanctions period. On 9 December 1996, Saddam accepted “Oil for Food Program”
to save the lives of Iraqis.24
Furthermore, the U.S.A and UK invaded Iraq from 16 to 19 December 1998,
claiming that they had been destroying suspected Weapons of Mass Destruction
which became a baseless accusation of U.S.A and its Coalition partners on Iraq.
The blame was that Saddam turned into violating the conditions of Gulf I ceasefire
by developing the Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMDs). Really, history proved
that it turned into merely a drama which was performed by the US led Coalition.
Briefly, UNSC passed the resolution 687 which was compiled by Iraq on April 6,
1991. Furthermore, on 9 June 1991, the UNSCOM (the United Nation Special
Commission) started out inspection, which was replaced by the way of UNMOVIC
(United Nation Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission), on 17
December 1999. Interestingly, each commissions presented many reports wherein
they couldn‟t discover any WMDs till 2003. When the US led coalition ruined and
demolished Iraq then they provided final report on October 6, 2004, concluding
that Saddam had not possessed any WMDs in Iraq. On March 31, 2005, the
Commission of Intelligence of the U.S.A said that the inspection commission
assessment was completely wrong before the US invasion.25
An ordinary man
cannot rely and trust that an inquiry commission of Worldly intellectuals couldn‟t
verify the WMDs stockpiles of Iraq with extraordinary security and cooperation in
the period of more than twelve years.
Immediate Causes of the Invasion of Iraq
It was a part of The New World Order and the US world hegemony and preface of
the Invasion of Iraq or The Gulf War II (2003). After mentioning the Iraq-Iran War
and Gulf War I (1991), it can now be understood easily what were the reasons and
causes of the Invasion of Iraq (2003). After all, the United States and United
Kingdom accused Saddam Hussain of supporting Al-Qaeda in the 9/11 attacks and
possessing chemical and biological weapons.26 They proclaimed that Saddam
Hussain was possessing Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMDs) which were
enough for violating the world peace; due to that, a military action against Iraq was
necessary.
These were major external causes of the Invasion of Iraq according to the US led
coalition but internal causes of the invasion were very different from the abovementioned causes. Generally speaking, the afore-mentioned causes have been
declared bogus and fake not only by Iraqi officials but also by the US and UK
inspection teams. Interestingly, Dr. Haas, A PhD Scholar, raised a key question
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that if it was true that Al-Qaeda Group was responsible for the 9/11 attacks then
why the name of “Osama Bin Ladin was not mentioned in the list of most wanted
terrorists indulged in the 9/11 attacks? Rex Tomb, Chief of Federal Bureau of
Investigation, answered him that:
“The reason why 9/11 is not mentioned on Osama Bin Ladin‟s most wanted page
is, because the FBI has no hard evidence connecting Bin Ladin to 9/11.”
Furthermore, he said, “Bin Ladin has not been formally charged in connection to
9/11.”27
Besides, the Joint Intelligence Centre (JIC) explicated that Saddam neither had any
relations with Al-Qaeda nor provided any kind of support to Al-Qaeda.
Remarkably, by November 2001, the JIC (Joint Intelligence Centre)” assessed that:
“Iraq had played no role in the 9/11 attacks on the US and that practical cooperation between Iraq and Al-Qaeda was unlikely.”28 Additionally, stated that:
“There was no credible evidence of covert transfers of WMD-related technology
and expertise to terrorist group.”29
The aforementioned statements show that Iraq had neither any relations with AlQaeda nor indulged and assisted Al-Qaeda in the 9/11 attacks. Thus, it is certified
that the first allegation and proclamation of the US led Coalition become invalid
according to the “Inquiry Report” as well as per the historical proofs.
Furthermore, the baseless blame of the US led coalition about Saddam possessing
of WMDs was also rejected and declared fake by their own survey reports and
inspectors. The history and details of Iraqi WMDs would be mentioned in another
research Article due to its complexity and importance but it would be better to
mention it briefly. The US Security Council formulated an inspection team to
search for WMDs in Iraq at the behest of the United States soon after the Gulf War
I (1991). In that regard, The UN Security Council passed the resolution 68730, on
April 3, 1991, formulating the inspection team to investigate WMDs in Iraq.
Formally, on 9 June 1991, the United Nations Special Commission (UNCOM)
started its investigation of WMDs in Iraq which lasted until 1999. Interestingly, the
United Nations Special Commission (UNCOM) could not find any WMDs in
Iraq31. When the UNCOM could not present the investigation report in favor of the
US and UK, they invaded Iraq with Cruise Missiles in December 1998, which was
called as “Operation Desert Fox”32”and which lasted for four days without any
justification. Later, the United Nations replaced the UNCOM to UNMOVIC
(United Nations Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission) in
December 1999.33 After the “Operation Desert Fox”, United States and United
Kingdom forgot the issue of Iraqi WMDs until May 2001. During that period, Iraq
was neither a threat to the West nor United States.
Interestingly, the UNMOVIC began searching for WMDs in Iraq by the end of
1999. Reliably, the Commission was submitting the Quarterly Reports until 2000.
Further, the Commission submitted its tenth quarterly Report by September 2002
which highlighted the continuous process of the inspection team. It is stated in the
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Report that they were scanning documents electronically which contained nearly
30,000 records until 2002.
34 At that time, the UNMOVIC (United Nations
Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission) couldn‟t find any sign of
WMDs in Iraq. After all, Iraq also published an Inquiry Report about its WMDs
which consisted of 12000 pages. This Report also made it clear that Iraq had no
stockpiles of WMDs.35 Remarkably, Dr. Eibaradei reported the UNSC on 7 March
2003 in which he asserted that there were no signs of nuclear weapons in Iraq. He
further elucidated that:
“There were no indications that Iraq had resumed nuclear activities since the
inspectors left in December 1998 and the recently increased level of Iraqi cooperation should allow the IAEA to provide the Security Council with an
assessment of Iraq’s nuclear capabilities in the near future.”36
After all, the US led coalition invaded Iraq on 19 March 2003 which lasted till 14th
of April. Awfully, after the invasion and destruction of Iraq, Dr. Blix submitted his
report at the end of May 2003 in which he elucidated that there were no WMDs in
Iraq. Even particularly, he testified that the Commission had not found any
evidence of the continuation or resumption of WMDs stockpiles at any time when
you consider that 1991.
37 The Iraq Survey Group (ISG), that’s referred to as
Duelfer Report, become an International inspection squad after the invasion of
Iraq. It consisted of nearly one thousand and four hundred members to look
stockpiles of WMDs in Iraq. Moreover, the Duelfer Report, additionally, illustrated
that Saddam Hussain had ended his nuclear software in 1991 following the Gulf
War. The Report consisted of three volumes and changed into sub-divided into
different components like Nuclear, Chemical and Biological Weapons.
38
After all, on February 6, 2004, President George Walker Bush created the
Commission on the Intelligence Capabilities (CIC) after the invasion of Iraq. It was
an official inspection team on behalf of the president to search for stockpiles of
WMDs in Iraq. The Commission on the Intelligence Capabilities (CIC) was fully
facilitated by the US officials in post-Saddam Iraq. It published its report on May
31, 2005, nearly after 15 months investigation on Iraqi WMDs. The commission
concluded that they could not find any kind of WMDs in Iraq. Furthermore, the
Commission revealed that the intelligence Community was fully dead wrong in all
of the pre-judgments about Iraqi WMDs.39
Conclusion
It was a brief introduction to the New World Order and the Gulf Wars. The reasons
behind the invasion of Iraq were not as the US led coalition proclaimed because
they have been declared fake by their own surveys and reports. Interestingly, it was
a part of the New World Order to establish the US world hegemony as well to get
control over oil reserves, especially in the Persian Gulf.40 The New World Order
policy was sketched out soon after the World War II (1945). It was road map for
the United States world hegemony. In that regard, an endless Cold War began
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between Capitalist Block and Socialist Block which were supported by United
States and United Socialist Soviet Union (U.S.S.R) respectively. Interestingly,
Saddam was an active supporter of Socialism in the Middle East that was disliked
by the United States and its Capitalist Allies. In that regard, the United States made
Iraq indulged in war with Iran and Kuwait. After the fall of the Wall of Berlin, the
U.S president, George Halker Walker Bush, announced The New World Order and
reshaped Middle East to achieve the goal of the U.S world hegemony. The target
of United States through Iraq-Iran and Gulf War I (1991) was to takeover Saddam
Hussain regime because he was Pro-Socialist and Anti-Capitalist; but helplessly, it
could not overthrow Saddam regime due to the disagreement of the coalition
partners, especially the Arab countries. Mercilessly, the United States imposed
economic sanctions on Iraq by using UN Security Council as a tool. Awfully, the
Iraqi people endeavored mortal economic sanctions for more than ten years but no
one could raise voice for innocent Iraqis. Besides, the United States and United
Kingdom, viciously, launched air strikes and bombardments on Iraq at the end of
1998 without any justification, which is known “Operation Desert Fox”.
Helplessly, the United Nations could not pass any resolution against their atrocities
and cruelty meted out to innocent Iraqis.
“The United States Ex-president, George W. Bush, introduced “The New World
Order” policy in 1991 after the breakup of United Socialist Soviet Union
(U.S.S.R), which was the Grand Policy of United States of 21st century. The
United States reshaped the world, especially the Middle East and Central Asia as
part of its New World Order. In that regard, it was necessary for United States to
overthrow Saddam‟s regime in Iraq because he was pro-socialism and wanted to
spread Socialism throughout the Middle East.
The aftermaths of the invasion were so much devastative and dangerous because
more than six million people were killed and millions were injured. Besides, more
than 50% of Iraqi children suffered from post-traumatic stress disorder diseases
(PTSD), as per reports. The poisonous and fatal effects of the invasion were so
deep and devastative that they ruined not only Iraq but also the whole Middle
East.”
At the end, it is necessary to quote the Ex-President of United States, George W.
Bush, view about himself so that the world could recognize the US inner face. He
confessed that terrorism was the production of United States. He said:
“If the people were to ever find out what we have done, we would be chased down
the streets and lynched”.41
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1
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2
. Wilson, G.R., Out Sourced World: Seducing Goddess Durga During Clinton Era: Booksmango.
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3
. https://millercenter.org/the-presidency/presidential-speeches/september-11-1990-address-jointsession-congress.
4
. https://millercenter.org/the-presidency/presidential-speeches/january-29-1991-state-unionaddress.
5
. https://millercenter.org/the-presidency/presidential-speeches/march-6-1991-address-joint-sessioncongress-end-gulf-war.
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. Nye, Joseph S. “What New World Order?” Foreign Affairs 71, no. 2 (1992): p.83 (p.83-96)
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. Ibid
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.Tarock, Adam, The Super power‟s involvement in the Iran-Iraq War: New York, Nova Science
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forth Publishing, 2010,p.155
11
. Robertson, John, Iraq: A History: London, One World Publishers, 2015, p 306
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. Kostiner, Joseph, Conflict and Cooperation in the Gulf Region: Netherland, Verlag Publishing,
2009, p.83
13
. owenfiel, Andreas F., The International Economic Law: London, Oxford University Press, 2008,
p .871
14
. https://millercenter.org/the-presidency/presidential-speeches/september-11-1990-address-jointsession-congress.
15
. Lowenfiel, Andreas F., The International Economic Law: London, Oxford University Press,
2008, p. 871
16
. Hunt, Courtney, The History of Iraq: London, Greenwood, 2005, p. 98
17
. Vassiliou, Marius S., The A to Z of the Petroleum Industry: UK, the Scarecrow Press, 2009,
p.387
18
. Hunt, Courtney, The History of Iraq: London, Greenwood, 2005, p. 99.
19. UNSC Resolution 661, S/RES/661 (1990), 6 August 1990.
20
. Moore, Fred, Iraq Speaks: Documents on Gulf Crisis: US, Diane Publishing, 1992, p. 85
21. Ibid.
22
. Mandela, Nelson, Behind the Invasion of Iraq: New York, Monthly Review Press, 2003, p.13
23
. Finn, James, Free domino the World: The Annual Survey of Political Rightsand Civil Liberties,
New York, Freedom House, 1994, p. 315
24
. rdesman, Anthony H., Iraq and the War of Sanctions: U.S.A, Greenwood Publishing Group,
1999, p.328
25
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27
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Winged Victory Books, 2012, p. 227
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